Can I trigger a shortcut on one device by running a shortcut on another device?

Exactly what the title says.

Can I, say, run a shortcut on my iPhone to run a shortcut on my iPad?

Apologies if this is in the wrong category, as I just joined the forum like 5min ago.

Take a look at the Pushcut Automation server functionality.

https://www.pushcut.io/support_automation_server.html