How can I run shortcuts via the terminal instead of using keys in hamerspoon?

[sylumer]

Oddly enough, my reply on this other thread just now feels relevant here. Take a look at using Obsidian’s URL scheme, or perhaps looking at one of the enhanced URL scheme plugins which extend what is possible via a URL call.

How can I add multiple key presses after running a shell script in Karabiner?

I don’t use Karabiner, but have you thought of using a call out to a URL in your shell script to trigger the same action in Obsidian? The URL schemes are generally good for automating Obsidian actions.