You can change the view options of a folder with AppleScript (which you can use in Automator).
set theFolder to "iMac-FV:Users:frank:Desktop:aFolder"
tell application "Finder"
open theFolder
tell window 1
set current view to icon view
end tell
close window 1
end tell
After that you can change the options of the view with the following script:
set theFolder to "iMac-FV:Users:frank:Desktop:aFolder"
tell application "Finder"
open theFolder
tell the icon view options of window 1
set the icon size to 192
end tell
close window 1
end tell
Changing the icon size will only work in icon view.
If you want to set other options also you can add them to the “tell the icon view options of window 1” block.
How to sort:
set the arrangement to arranged by name
You can also change the Background color like:
set the background color to {65535, 65535, 65535}
This is the code for Default in the Background section of the Folder info, if I look at the background color code of a newly created folder.
But if I set the background color to {65535, 65535, 65535} I get {65535, 65533, 65534} instead, this is the color code for a white background and this background stays white when you change to Dark Mode. Under High Sierra the background code is also set to {65535, 65533, 65534}.
So like you said Apple needs to fix Automator (and also AppleScript) for this.